Tobacco dependence is the most widespread disease in the world. The relation of a society to tobacco smoking is inconsistent. Tobacco smoking began to consider as a problem when negative consequences of its influence on health of the person have been found out. The urgency of a problem of a tobacco smoking increases in connection with incomplete knowledge патобиологической bases of tobacco dependence and insufficient level of a professional knowledge and skills of rendering of medical aid to the persons, wishing to stop tobacco smoking. By estimations of experts only 5 % of the persons smoking tobacco, can independently stop smoking, 80 % of persons wish to stop smoking, but special medical aid is necessary for them. Lack of information of a society in the given scientific problem has led to representation about smoking (and actually - tobacco dependence) as about a bad habit in which the patient because he does not wish to give up smoking has been declared by guilty. The modern medical science classifies tobacco dependence as one of the clinical diseases, demanding treatment by forces of professional doctors-experts.
Experts characterise tobacco dependence as difficult and non-uniform structure of a clinical pathology. Its roots on the one hand leave in конституциональные преморбидные features of mental activity of a brain, and with another in малоизученные spheres of the biochemical mechanisms making a basis of frustration of an inclination. Phenomenologically tobacco dependence is characterised by loss in sphere of thinking of the control "I" over occurrence and the termination of memoirs and representations, desires of repeated smoking of tobacco with simultaneous development of clinic of a syndrome of a pathological inclination to smoking of tobacco, a syndrome of cancellation, remissions and relapses.
Tobacco dependence on a class V МКБ-10, adapted for use in the Russian Federation, is included in section [F10-F19] “Mental frustration and the behaviour frustration, connected (caused) by the use of psychoactive substances” in a heading (F1х.2) “a dependence Syndrome”, in a heading (F17.3х) “the Syndrome of cancellation of tobacco”, and (F17.0х) “the Sharp intoxication caused by the use of tobacco (a sharp nicotinic intoxication)”. Tobacco does not concern to to “to the List of narcotics, psychotropic substances and them прекурсоров, subject to the control in the Russian Federation (lists I, II, III)”, and absence in clinic of tobacco dependence psychoorganic дефицитарной semiology and the changes of the person caused by smoking of tobacco, defines a special place of tobacco dependence among frustration of inclinations.
Tobacco dependence is diagnosed at level to 90 % for persons who daily smoke tobacco.
Monday, November 23, 2009
Saturday, November 21, 2009
How to measure the nicotine content?
Nicotine exists in two forms - bound, or saline, and free. In this volatile it is only in the free form, but the tobacco is present mainly in salt. On combustion nicotine passes into the free form and is absorbed into the body.
When the tobacco companies have realized this, they began to learn how you can increase the number of rolling in the free form of nicotine. It turned out that this is done quite simple - you just need to increase the alkalinity (pH) of tobacco smoke. This can be achieved by adding tobacco ammonium phosphate, ammonium and / or urea.
At one time, a sharp increase in sales of Marlborough called attention to other producers of tobacco. An analysis of Marlboro cigarettes, competitors came to the conclusion that "the technology of ammonia (or urea) was essentially the" spirit "Marlboro".
The note by the tobacco company R.Dzh.Reynolds said: "The method of ISO / FTC nicotine by definition can be misleading. Critical exponent is not the mass of nicotine, which enters the human body, and then, in any form is nicotine. The greater the ratio of a free and bound nicotine, the more bioavailable for absorption of nicotine.
The method of ISO / FTC measure the nicotine content only in the residue on the filter, but does not give information about the nicotine in the form of flying.
Therefore, printed on the pack levels of nicotine - a deliberate deception of the consumer of light cigarettes.
When the tobacco companies have realized this, they began to learn how you can increase the number of rolling in the free form of nicotine. It turned out that this is done quite simple - you just need to increase the alkalinity (pH) of tobacco smoke. This can be achieved by adding tobacco ammonium phosphate, ammonium and / or urea.
At one time, a sharp increase in sales of Marlborough called attention to other producers of tobacco. An analysis of Marlboro cigarettes, competitors came to the conclusion that "the technology of ammonia (or urea) was essentially the" spirit "Marlboro".
The note by the tobacco company R.Dzh.Reynolds said: "The method of ISO / FTC nicotine by definition can be misleading. Critical exponent is not the mass of nicotine, which enters the human body, and then, in any form is nicotine. The greater the ratio of a free and bound nicotine, the more bioavailable for absorption of nicotine.
The method of ISO / FTC measure the nicotine content only in the residue on the filter, but does not give information about the nicotine in the form of flying.
Therefore, printed on the pack levels of nicotine - a deliberate deception of the consumer of light cigarettes.
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